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By John “Buddy” Showalter, P. E., M. ASCE, M. NCSEA, and Sandra Hyde P. E., M. ASCE, M. NCSEA

This multi-part series discusses significant structural changes to the 2024 International Building Code (IBC) by the International Code Council (ICC). Part 5 includes an overview of changes to IBC Chapter 16 regarding risk categories. Only a portion of the chapter’s total number of code changes is discussed in this article. More information on the code changes can be found in the 2024 Significant Changes to the International Building Code available from ICC.

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By Jeff Brink and Michael Bauer

Three blocks from the construction site, the DCI Engineers’ Project Manager for the 1510 Webster Street development heard an airhorn blow from his home. The sound indicated that another mass timber panel was about to fly on his Oakland, California, residential project. It was the sound of progress because, by the time the PM walked to the site 15 minutes later, there was already a few thousand square feet of Mass Plywood Panel (MPP) deck in place.

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By Eytan Solomon P. E., LEED AP, and Richard Lo P. E.

Powerhouse Arts in Brooklyn, New York is a $180 million adaptive reuse project that included extensive renovation and new construction—culminating in 170,000 square feet for fabrication shops, educational facilities, community programs, and multi-functional event space. The project entailed repairing the 55,000 square-foot original steel-and-masonry Turbine Hall, adding a new 3-story, 40,000 square-foot infill structure of cast-in-place concrete within the Turbine Hall volume, and adding a new 6-story 75,000 square-foot Boiler House structure of cast-in-place concrete; all three structures are seismically connected. This article focuses on the history and process of justifying reuse of existing foundations at the site, which was critical to the project.

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By Zack Kardon P.E. and Viral Vithalani, AIA

After more than three decades of disuse, the Tapscott Building, one of the oldest edifices in the northern part of Downtown Oakland, California, known as Uptown, has a new lease on life. The steel and concrete structure built by local developer Ernest N. Tapscott opened in 1922 and featured four stories plus a basement that housed offices, shops, and a theater. Located at the corner of 19th Street and the city’s bustling Broadway corridor, the brick-clad Beaux-Arts building attracted tenants like Standard Oil Company and a public market. Over the years, tenants ranged from Kaiser Permanente to a morgue. In 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake struck and severely damaged the Tapscott. Demolition of the rear part of the compromised theater left a seismically unsafe L-shaped building with an irregular and highly torsional structure. The Tapscott Building sat red-tagged and lifeless for 30 years.

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By Brian MacRae, P.E., S.E., Kerem Gulec, Ph.D., P.E., S.E.

The ambitious goal of transforming the existing Key Arena in Seattle, Washington, into a world-class sports and concert venue was undertaken by its owners at Oak View Group, who challenged the project team to develop numerous innovative and collaborative solutions. Opened in October 2021, Climate Pledge Arena is home to the NHL’s newest franchise Seattle Kraken and WNBA’s Seattle Storm. The total transformation of the venue serves as a structural engineering benchmark for existing building renovations in high seismic zones and demonstrates what can be accomplished with modern design and analysis techniques.

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By John McDonald, S.E., Stefanie Chamorro, P.E., and Geoff Bomba, S.E.

Driven by the importance of the Oregon State Capitol and disproportionate seismic damage from the 1993 Scotts Mills seismic event, the Oregon Legislature moved forward with measures to protect and preserve the historic building. The project includes a seismically base-isolated retrofit of the 1938 Capitol building, which is a non-ductile brick infilled concrete frame structure with marble cladding. The Capitol is flanked by a pair of five-story 1977 reinforced concrete buildings retrofitted using a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening system, which remain fixed base structures. The seismic isolation system of the Capitol utilizes a triple friction pendulum system tuned to reduce the acceleration of the building during a Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) seismic event. Once complete, a new occupied level will be constructed below the existing building footprint to increase program space and meet the changing needs of the Oregon State Capitol.

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By Seth Thomas

Special Wind Regions (SWR) are defined in ASCE 7-22 Section 26.5.2. as “Mountainous terrain, gorges, and special wind regions shown in Figure 26.5-1.” These regions are identified in ASCE 7 to highlight the lack of data or the high variability of wind speeds in localized areas where the wind data from the surrounding areas may not be adequate to properly capture the hazard.

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By Duane K. Miller

Many welds are evenly loaded: the applied loads are uniformly transferred through the throat and length of the welds. Such welds are easily designed and routinely perform as expected. Other welds, however, are unevenly loaded. One end of the length of the weld may be more severely loaded than the other, or the loading along the weld throat may be non-uniform. The design of these welded connections is more complicated.

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By Kyle A. Karschner P.E., S.E., Jacob Sun, P.E., and Michael F. Hughes, P.E., S.E.

Building owners are turning to adaptive reuse of existing buildings to meet the market demand for alternative uses, such as life science, data, robotics, and other tech-related industries. These uses typically require upgrading the building’s mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire protection (MEP-FP) systems that use larger and heavier equipment than the building’s original structural design. As a result, this work can trigger costly structural upgrades for strength, serviceability, or both to comply with building code requirements.

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